Wind and solar energy are critical to the global decarbonization movement but pose some key challenges for energy security in terms of steady supply and steady pricing. Solar and wind are variable energy sources, which means that their production levels fluctuate according to external and uncontrollable factors including the weather, time of day, and the seasons. Plus, some people have solar panels on their houses, making them both energy producers and consumers with a two-way flow to grids which were built with only one direction of flow in mind. And then there’s the runaway growth in electric vehicle markets, which will also present a whole new source of stress for electric grids.
